CIESIN Thematic Guides

HUMAN HEALTH AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

LIST OF REFERENCES

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Amron, D. M., and R. L. Moy. 1991. Stratospheric ozone depletion and its relationship to skin cancer. Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology 17: 370-72.

Armstrong, B. K. 1986. Sunlight and malignant melanoma in Western Australia. In Stratospheric ozone. Vol. 2 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and global climate, ed. J. G. Titus, 141-55. Proceedings of the United Nations Environme nt Programme (UNEP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Baadsgaard, O. 1991. In vivo ultraviolet irradiation of human skin results in profound perturbation of the immune system. Archives of Dermatology 127: 99-109.

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Crombie, I. K. 1979. Racial differences in melanoma incidence. British Journal of Cancer 40: 185-93.

Daynes, R. A. 1990. Immune system and ultraviolet light. In Global atmospheric change and public health, ed. J. C. White, 23-31. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing.

De Fabo, E. C., and F. P. Noonan. 1986. Urocanic acid: On its role in the regulation of UVB-induced systemic immune suppression. In Stratospheric ozone. Vol. 2 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and global climate, ed. J. G. Titus, 113-18. Proceedings of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Prote ction Agency.

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Dobson, A., and R. Carper. 1992. Global warming and potential changes in host-parasite and disease-vector relationships. In Global warming and biodiversity, ed. R. L. Peters and T. E. Lovejoy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Dubin, N., M. Moseson, and B. S. Pasternack. 1986. Epidemiology of malignant melanoma: Pigmentary traits, ultraviolet radiation, and the identification of high-risk populations. Recent Results in Cancer Research 102: 56-75.

Eldridge, B. F. 1987. Strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of arbovirus diseases in western North America. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 37 (3): 77S-86S.

Elwood, J. M. 1989. Epidemiology of melanoma: Its relationship to ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion. Chapter 14 in Ozone depletion: Health and environmental consequences, ed. R. R. Jones and T. Wigley, 169-90. Chichester, England: John Wile y.

Fears, T. R., and J. Scotto. 1983. Estimating increases in skin cancer morbidity due to increases in ultraviolet radiation exposure. Cancer Investigation 1: 119-26.

Fisher, M. S., J. M Menter, L. Tiller, and I. Willis. 1986. Sunscreens do not abrogate UV-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity. In Stratospheric ozone. Vol. 2 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and global climate, ed. J. G. Titus, 131-40. Proceedings of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environme ntal Protection Agency.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 1987. Effects of agricultural development on vector-borne diseases. Working papers of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Joint World Health Organization (WHO)/Food and Agriculture Organi zation (FAO)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Panel of Experts on Environmental Management for Vector Control, 7-11 September 1987, 144. Publication no. AGL/MISC/12/87. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

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Freier, J. E., D. J. Rogers, M. J. Packer, N. Nicholls, and J. Almendares. 1993. Vector-borne diseases. In Global health watch: Monitoring impacts of environmental change, by A. Haines, P. R. Epstein, and A. J. McMichael. Lancet 342: 1464-69 .

Gallagher, R. P., J. M. Elwood, W. J. Threlfall, J. J. Spinelli, S. Fincham, and G. B. Hill. 1987. Socioeconomic status, sunlight exposure, and risk of malignant melanoma: The Western Canada melanoma study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 79 (4): 647-52.

Gallagher, R. P., J. M. Elwood, and G. B. Hill. 1986. Risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma: The Western Canada Melanoma Study. Recent Results in Cancer Research 102: 38-55.

Giannini, S. H. 1986. Effects of UVB on infectious diseases. In Stratospheric ozone. Vol. 2 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and global climate, ed. J. G. Titus, 101-12. Proceedings of the United Nations Environment Programme (UN EP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Giannini, S. H. 1990. Effects of UVB on infectious diseases. In Global atmospheric change and public health, ed. J. C. White, 33-45. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing.

Green, A., and D. Battistutta. 1990. Incidence and determinants of skin cancer in a high-risk Australian population. International Journal of Cancer 46: 356-61.

Haile, D. G. 1989. Computer simulation of the effects of changes in weather patterns on vector-borne disease transmission. In The potential effects of global climate change in the United States, ed. J. B. Smith and D. A. Tirpak. Document no. 230-05 -89-057, Appendix G. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Haines, A., P. R. Epstein, and A. J. McMichael. 1993. Global health watch: Monitoring impacts of environmental change. Lancet 342: 1464-69.

Henriksen, T., A. Dahlback, S. H. H. Larsen, and J. Moan. 1990. Utraviolet-radiation and skin cancer: Effect of an ozone layer depletion. Photochemistry and Photobiology 51: 579-82.

Holman, C. D. J., and B. K. Armstrong. 1984. Pigmentary traits, ethnic origin, benign nevi, and family history as risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 72 (2): 257-66.

Ilyas, M. 1986. Ozone modification: Importance for developing countries in the tropical/equatorial region. In Stratospheric ozone. Vol. 2 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and global climate, ed. J. G. Titus, 185-91. Proceedings o f the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1990. Potential impacts of climate change. Report of Working Group 2, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1-1 to 2. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization (WMO)/United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

Jeevan, A., and M. L. Kripke. 1993. Ozone depletion and the immune system. Lancet 342: 1159-60.

Jones, R. R. 1989. Consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion. Chapter 16 in Ozone depletion: Health and environmental consequences, ed. R. R. Jones and T. Wigley, 207-28. Chichester, England: John Wiley.

Kalkstein, L. S. 1989. The impact of CO2 and trace gas-induced climate changes upon human mortality. In The potential effects of global climte change on the United States, ed J. B. Smith and D. A. Tirpak. Document no. 230-05-89-057, Appendix G. Wa shington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Kalkstein, L. S. 1990. Climatic change and public health: What do we know and where are we going? Environemtnatl Impact Assessment Review 10: 383.

Kalkstein, L. S. 1991. A new approach to evaluate the impact of climate on human mortality. Environmental Health Perspectives 96: 145-50.

Kalkstein, L. S. 1992. Impacts of global warming on human health: Heat stress-related mortality. In Global climate change: Implications, challenges and mitigation measures, ed. S. K. Majumdar, L. S. Kalkstein, B. Yarnal, E. W. Miller, and L. M. Ros enfeld, 371-83. Easton, PA: The Pennsylvania Academy of Science.

Kalkstein, L. S. 1993. Health and climate change: Direct impacts in cities.The Lancet 342: 1397-99.

Kalkstein, L. S. n.d. Global warming and human health: International implications. In The potential international impacts of climate change, ed. K. M. Strzpek and J. B. Smith. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Forthcoming.

Kalkstein, L. S., and K. M. Valimont. 1987. Climate effects on human health. In Potential effects of future climate changes on forests and vegetation, agriculture, water resources, and human health. EPA Science and Advisory Committee Monograph no. 25389, 122-52. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Kalkstein, L. S., and K. M. Valimont. 1986. An evaluation of summer discomfort in the United States using a relative climatological index. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 7: 842-48.

Kalkstein, L. S., and R. E. Davis. 1989. Weather and human mortality: An evaluation of demographic and inter-regional responses in the United States. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 79 (1): 44-64.

Kalkstein, L. S., R. E. Davis, J. A. Skindlov, and K. M. Valimont. 1986. The impact of human-induced climatic warming upon human mortality: A New York City case study. In Climate change. Vol. 3 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and gl obal climate, ed. J. Titus, 273-93. Proceedings of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Kilbourne, E. M. 1990. Atmospheric change and temperature-related health effects. In Global atmospheric change and public health, ed. J. C. White. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing.

Kilbourne, E. M., K. Choi, T. S. Jones, S. B. Thacker, and The Field Investigation Team. 1982. Risk factors for heatstroke: A case-control study. JAMA 247 (24): 3332-36.

Kollias, N., and A. Baqer. 1986. The role of native pigment in providing protection against UV-B damage in humans. In Stratospheric ozone. Vol. 2 of Effects of changes in stratospheric ozone and global climate, ed. J. G. Titus, 173-84. Proce edings of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) International Conference on Health and Environmental Effects of Ozone Modification and Climate Change. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.< p> Kripke, M. L. 1988. Impact of ozone depletion on skin cancers. Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology 14 (8): 853-57.

Last, J. M. 1993. Global change: Ozone depletion, greenhouse warming and public health. Annual Review of Public Health. 14: 115-36.

Leaf, A. 1989. Potential health effects of global climatic and environmental changes. New England Journal of Medicine 321 (23): 1577-83.

Leaf, A. 1993. Loss of stratospheric ozone and health effects of increased ultraviolet radiation. In Critical condition: Human health and environment, ed. E. Chivian, M. McCally, H. Hu, and A. Haines, 139-50. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Lee, J. A. H., and D. Strickland. 1980. Malignant melanoma: Social status and outdoor work. British Journal of Cancer 41: 757-63.

Liehne, P. F. S. 1988. Climatic influences on mosquito-borne diseases in Australia. In Greenhouse: Planning for climate change, ed. G.I. Pearman. Australia: CSIRO.

Lloyd, S. A. 1993. Health and climate change: Stratospheric ozone depletion. Lancet 343: 1156-60.

Longstreth, J. D. 1990. Skin cancer and ultraviolet light: Risk estimates due to ozone depletion. In Global atmospheric change and public health, ed. J. C. White, 67-79. New York: Elsevier Science Publishing.

Longstreth, J. D. 1991. Anticipated public health consequences of global climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives 96: 139-44.

Longstreth, J. D., ed. 1987. Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma-with a special focus on assessing the risks of stratospheric ozone depletion. Vol. 4, Appendix A of Assessing the risk of trace gases that can modify the stratosphere. Washington, D.C. : U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Longstreth, J. D., and J. Wiseman. 1989. The potential impact of climate change on patterns of infectious disease in the United States. In The potential effects of global climate change on the United States: Appendix G Health, ed. J. B. Smith and D . A. Tirpak for the Office of Policy, Planning, and Evaluation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Longstreth, J. D., F. R. de Gruijl, Y. Takizawa, and J. C. van der Leun. 1991. Human health. Chapter 2 in Environmental effects of ozone depletion: 1991 update, 15-24. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) panel report. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme.

Marks, R., D. Jolley, S. Lectsas, and P. Foley. 1990. The role of childhood exposure to sunlight in the development of solar keratoses and non-melanocytic skin cancer. The Medical Journal of Australia 152: 62-66.

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Moan, J., and A. Dahlback. 1992. The relationship between skin cancers, solar radiation, and ozone depletion. British Journal of Cancer 65: 916-21.

National Research Council. 1975. Biological and medical effects of nitrogen oxide emissions. Chapter 3 in Environmental impact of stratospheric flight: Biological and climatic effects of aircraft emissions in the stratosphere. Report by the Climati c Impact Committee for the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

National Research Council. 1979. Human health effects. Chapter 3 in Protection against depletion of stratospheric ozone by chlorofluorocarbons, 74-119. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

Nicholls, N. 1993. El Nino-Southern Oscillation and vector-borne disease. Lancet 342: 1284-85.

Noonan, F. P., and E. C. DeFabo. 1992. Immunosuppression by ultraviolet B radiation: Initiation by Urocanic acid. Immunology Today 13 (7): 250-54.

Patz, J. A., T. A. Burke, and P. R. Epstein. n.d. Public health effects of global climate change and ozone depletion: Implications for North America. Unpublished draft.

Pitcher, H. M., and J. D. Longstreth. 1991. Melanoma mortality and exposure to ultraviolet radiation: An empirical relationship. Environment International 17: 7-21.

Prawer, S. E. 1991. Sun-related skin diseases. Postgraduate Medicine 89 (8): 51-66.

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Reiter, P. 1988. Weather, vector biology, and arboviral recrudescence. In The arboviruses: Epidemiology and ecology. Vol. 1, ed. T. P. Monath. Florida: CRC Press.

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Rogers, D. J. 1988a. The dynamics of vector-transmitted diseases in human communities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 321: 513-39.

Rogers, D. J. 1988b. A general model for the African trypanosomiasis. Parasitology 97: 193-212.

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Rogers, D. J., and M. J. Packer. 1993. Vector-borne diseases, models, and global change. Lancet 342: 1282-84.

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