return to Expenditure
Assignment site index |
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U=Supranational responsibility | ICB=Independent central bank | N=National government |
S=State/provincial government | L=Local government | P=Non-government sectors/civil society |
Table 1. A Representative Assignment of Expenditure Responsibilities | ||||
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Function | Policy Standards & Oversight |
Provision & administration |
Production & Distribution |
Comments |
Interregional & International conflicts resolution | U | U | N, P | Benefits & costs international in scope |
External trade | U | U, N, S | P | Benefits & costs international in scope |
Telecommunications | U, N | P | P | National regulation not feasible |
Financial Transactions | U, N | P | P | "" |
Environment | U, N, S, L | U, N, S, L | N, S, L, P | Externalities of global, national, state and local scope |
Foreign Direct Investment | N, L | L | P | Local infrastructure is critical |
Defense | N | N | N, P | Benefits & costs national in scope |
Foreign Affairs | N | N | N, P | "" |
Monetary policy, currency, banking | U, ICB | ICB | ICB, P | Independence from all levels essential. Some international role for common discipline. |
Interstate commerce | Constitution, N | N | P | Constitutional safeguards important for factors and goods mobility |
Immigration | U, N | N | N | U due to forced exit |
Transfer payments | N | N | N | Redistribution |
Criminal and civil law | N | N | N | Rule of law, a national concern |
Industrial policy | N | N | P | To avoid beggar-thy neighbor policies |
Regulation | N | N, S, L | N,S, L, P | Promotes regional equity and internal common market |
Fiscal Policy | N | N, S, L | N, S, L, P | Coordination is possible |
Natural Resources | N | N, S, L | N, S, L, P | Promotes regional equity and internal common market |
Education, Health & Social Welfare | N, S, L | S, L | S, L, P | Transfers in kind |
Highways | N, S, L | N, S, L | S, L, P | Benefits and costs of various roads vary in scope |
Parks & Recreation | N, S, L | N, S, L | N, S, L, P | "" |
Police | S, L | S, L | S, L | Primarily local benefits |
Water, sewer, refuse, fire protection | L | L | L, P | "" |